Marketing Plan for Spenil free essay sample

Principles of Marketing Report on MARKETING PLAN ON SEPNIL INSTANT HAND SANITIZER Submitted To: Ms. Nausheen Rahman Associate Professor, Department of Finance, University of Dhaka Date of Submission: 25 May, 2013 Submitted By: Group # 08 Serial No. | Name| ID| Remarks| 01. | Sanjida Rahman Liza| 18-010| | 02. | Jannatul Naima| 18-065| | 03. | Rahima Nazat Ara| 18-074| | 04. | Fowziah Nahid Priya| 18-096| | 05. | Nihad Ibna Matin | 18-125| | 06. | Hamida Akter Hira| 18-146| | 07. | Sneharthi Ghosh| 18-152| | 08| Shahanaz Parvin| 18-259| | Section: A B. B. A 18th Batch Department of Finance University of Dhaka LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 25 May, 2013 Ms. Nausheen Rahman Associate Professor Department of Finance University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of report on â€Å"Marketing plan on sepnil instant hand sanitizer† Dear Madam, We are obliged to submit the report entitled â€Å"Marketing plan on sepnil instant hand sanitizer†, as a partial requirement of the course â€Å"Principles of Marketing† under your instruction. This report highlights the factors marketers must consider when setting marketing strategies and when preparing plan for their products. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan for Spenil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To prepare this report we have tried to implement our theoretical knowledge with practical experiences. . We are extremely grateful to you for your valuable guidance, diligent effort inspiring words. We have tried our best to follow your instructions, schedule and discipline obediently. Sincerely, Sanjida Rahman Liza On behalf of the group members Section- A BBA 18th Batch Department of Finance University of Dhaka TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement We express our thanks to our dear course teacher Ms. Nausheen Rahman for assigning us a report dealing with real impacts of marketing strategies. In this regard, we would also like to thank ourselves as our good teamwork and successful team spirit. Without cooperation and the support from each other, it would not be possible to prepare such a resourceful report. The presentation of this report is of a great expectation in our BBA program and we are quite happy to submit it. Theoretical knowledge is valued when it is successfully applied in practical scenario. In this respect we found this report a great opportunity to deal with some special concentrations of real world problems when we want to capture market for a product having less demand in the market. So lastly we would again like to express our heartfelt thanks to our course teacher for providing such scope to gain practical knowledge and enrich our study with realistic implication of knowledge. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is a disinfectant product of Square Toiletries Ltd. It kills 99. 99% germs on our hands without using any water keeps us safe. We can easily carry it anywhere from home to abroad. In our country, there is no perfect substitute of this product. So this product should have been much more demand. But in reality many of us even don’t know about the existence of it. For this reason we have selected this product for developing our marketing plan. At first, we have analyzed its current marketing situation and then we have found out the reasons of its having less demand i. e. , high price, targeted toward only one group, less advertisement and promotional activities, less attractive container, no augmented product. We have done a SWOT analysis on this product and then have prepared our objectives and issues. And then, according to the need of our country, we have developed some marketing strategies i. e. market segmentation, target market, market positioning, product strategy, pricing strategy, distribution strategy, marketing communication strategy, marketing research, marketing organization, by adopting which we can increase the demand of this product. Chapter #1: INTRODUCTION OF THE REPORT ORIGIN OF THE REPORT This report is prepared as a fulfillment of partial requirement of the course â€Å"Principles of Marketing† . This report is assi gned by our course tutor Ms. Nausheen Rahman as a term paper to be submitted on 25th May, 2013. OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT The main purpose of report is to focus on the marketing plan for a existing product facing less demand. This report will enhance our skill and broaden our area of knowledge about the interesting world of marketing. Marketing plan is such type of task that is based more on projections and creativity and it involves lot of effort to be successful. By making this report we will be able to reach to the in-depth of marketing plan that will help to identify our lacking and this will be helpful for our future career. The marketing plan is being made as the requirement of making this report. METHODOLOGIES OF THE REPORT We have made a working plan, then have made a discussion with all of our group members and our course teacher, made a list of task. Information for the report has been obtained both from primary and secondary sources. LIMITATIONS OF THE REPORT At the time of preparing this report we have faced some limitations such as difficulties in collecting information about the product. We have mainly relied on data collected from websites. Chapter #2: INTROUCTION OF THE COMPANY AND THE PRODUCT SQUARE TOILETRIES LIMITED Square Toiletries Limited (STL) is the leading Bangladeshi manufacturer of toiletries and cosmetics products operating with over 50 international quality products. STL manufactures and markets a wide array of consumer toiletries products. Currently STL, an ISO 9001:200 certified company, is operating with the trust of Bangladeshi consumers with 18 famous brands. It satisfies the needs of domestic international consumers through innovative quality products services using latest technology and by highly motivated skilled employees. General Information about Square Toiletries Ltd Year of Establishment  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1988 * Incorporated as Pvt. Ltd. Company  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   28th April, 1994 * Awarded ISO 9001:2000 Certificate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1998 SEPNIL INSTANT HAND SANI TIZER Sepnil is a brand of Square Toiletries Ltd. This brand has two products. One is liquid hand wash and another is hand sanitizer. Our selected product is Sepnil Instant Hand sanitizer. It was introduced by Square Toiletries Ltd. in 2011 Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer meets personal healing and cleansing needs. Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer ascertains and removes 99. 9% germs. Components: Ethanol Carbomer Glycerin Polyethylene Glycol TEA Aqua Perfume It is a gel type hand sanitizer. There are two different sizes are available now in the market. They are:- 40 ml priced @ tk. 80 150 ml priced @ tk. 200 Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is ideal to kill 99. 99% of the germs instantly that exists in the hands. Sepnil is unique in its proposition that the dual function of cleaning invisible micro-organisms and healing cuts and grazes makes Sepnil the most effective cleansing agent by far. When people are out of the home or on the travel they dont have the easy access to water. They search out for easy solution. The convenient form of this product can ensure protection on the go. It is rinse free and ideal for the family use. Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer can be used while we are out on a picnic or shopping at malls or travelling or driving. It also turns out handy after using public utilities or restrooms, interacting with patients, playing with pets etc. Besides eliminating germs in seconds on the hands, it can also moisturize our skin thus leaving hands soft and refreshed. Just by pouring a few drops in hand and rubbing hands together we can get Sepnils trusted protection. WHY HAVE WE SELECTED SEPNIL INSTANT HAND SANITIZER FOR DEVELOPING OUR MARKETING PLAN? From the above introduction of the Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer we see that this product is of very useul to us. Besides, no other company in Bangladesh has launched such type of product. Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is only one brand for hand sanitizer in our country now. So it itself is the industry for hand sanitizer in our country. So based on this two criteria this product should have been much more demand and it should be well-going in the market. But in reality many of us even do not know about its existence. That is the reason why we have selected Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer for developing our marketing plan. In the next chapter of our report we have found out the reasons which are acting behind Sepnil Instant Hand sanitizer’s not having expeccted position in the market by analysing its current marketing situation. And then we have suggested marketing strategies by adopting which Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer can be positioned in consumers’ mind in a way that will build a profitable customer relationship. Chapter #3: MARKETING PLAN ON SEPNINIL INSTANT HAND SANITIZER CURRENT MAKETING SITUATION Industry Analysis Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is the only brand in this sector. Square Toiletries Ltd is the sole producer of this product and there exist no other competitors of it in Bangladesh. So, there is no rivalry from existing firms. The factor power of buyer is less influential as there no negotiation scope for buyer for it being a toiletries product. Product Life Cycle Sepnil Hand Sanitizer is a new product. The company launched this product a few yars ago. So, the product is still staying in its introducing stage. So, the company is getting poor profit from this product sales. As the pproduct has great marketing potentiality, we can hope that it will reach its growth stage rapidly by following proper marketing strategy. Figure:-Position of Sepnil Hand Sanitizer in product lie cycle Market Size and Growth After introducing the product the brand cannot attract a large market share. So, at recent its market size is small. Its sale is increasing but at a slower rate, its growth rate is also very less. Users The current users of Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer are mainly professionals,students,medical users. Review of Competitor As there is no other hand sanitizer proucing company in Bangladesh. So, there is no need to analyse marketing strategy and of competiting products. Review of Distribution Sepnil hand sanitizer is currently distributed through a network of superstore, non-store retailers, pharmacy in the market. These channels are: Superstores: Sepnil hand sanitizer is currently being found in different super stores like Shwapno, Agora, Almas etc. Pharmacy: Sepnil hand sanitizer is found in different pharmacy. Online Retailers: Online retailers like easybazar. com, torkari. com, cellbazar. com carry sepnil hand sanitizer. Communication Strategy Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer Corporate Campaign Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is ideal to kill 99. 99% of the germs instantly that exists in the hands. When people especially corporate people are out of the home or on the travel they dont have the easy access to water. They search out for easy solution that goes with their life style. Following this requirement Sepnil instant hand sanitizer has been promoted among the different prominent corporate houses such as SCB, HSBC, BRAC Bank, City Cell, and Airtel etc. Under this activation around 2000 corporate executives had opportunity to use test the product before having foods. Beside free product experiences, they have been offered to buy the product at a promotional rate while leaflets enriched with hand hygiene information were also provided. POSITION OF SEPNIL INSTANT HAND SANITIZER BCG Matrix Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is the brand that is in question mark position now in BCG Matrix and requires much closer consideration. It holds low market share in fast growing markets consuming large amount of cash. It has potential to gain market share and become a star, which would later become cash cow. Question marks do not always succeed and even after large amount of investments they struggle to gain market share and eventually become dogs. Therefore, they require very close consideration to decide if they are worth investing in or not. SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT analysis is an analysis of an organizations strength, weakness, opportunities and trends. A company must indentify its strength, weakness, opportunities, threats. The SEPNIL HAND SENITIZER has several powerful strengths on which to built, but there major weakness is lack of brand awareness and image. The major opportunity is an increase in need for hand sanitizer in the personal care market. They also face the threat of intense competition downward pressure on pricing and also slow market growth. The following table summarizes the main strength weakness, opportunities and threats facing by SEPNIL HAND SANITIZER. STRENGTHS * Strong brand image * Innovative product * Ease of availability * Recommended by doctors * Niche marketing| WEAKNESS * Lack of brand awareness image * Limited brand recall * Not reached in the rural area * Initial high price| OPPORTUNITIES * Introducing a sanitizer for economy class * An increase in need for hand sanitizer * Possibility of capturing personal care market| THREATS * Intense competition * Slow market growth * Downward pressure on pricing | Strengths Strengths are any activities which an organization does well or any unique resources that it has. Thus strengths are internal capabilities that can help the company reach its objectives . Sepnil hand sanitizer can build on the following strengths: 1. Strong brand image: As we know sepnil hand sanitizer is a product of Sqare Toiletries Ltd. which gives the product a powerful brand image. 2. Innovative product: Sepnil hand sanitizer does not require water to use along with it. It is also portable to carry. This innovative feature gives the user the opportunities to use it instantly when needed in any place. 3. Proper distribution channel brand presence: The hand sanitizer is distributed through a established channel so that consumers for whom it is in the market can get the product with less effort. 4. Advertising visibility: When it was introduced in the market initially it was advertised heavily to inform the potential buyer. The buyer can see touch use the product before buying. Also they can read out the ingredient on the labeling of the product when buying the product. 5. Ease of availability: The sepnil hand sanitizer can be collected from any nearby dispensary shop. Also it can be found in the convenience grocery shop. 6. Potential large target market: When the company planned to launch a product like hand sanitizer , it assumed a highly potential market as it is a necessary product for a healthy life for all type of buyers. 7. Reccomended by doctors: Nowadays doctors also recommend advise their patient their families to use such instant cleaning product before eating ,feeding ,cooking ,after returning home from outside, after handshake, in the workplace, school. So we can easily observe the necessity of hand sanitizer in our daily life. Today’s polluted environment also calls us for using such a product. It prevents flu , dangerous infection , cold , others disease. . Niche marketing: Niche marketing is a market coverage strategy which a firm goes after a large share of a small market. As hand sanitizer market has not developed in our country, sepnil aims at serving a small segment of personal care market but capturing the large share of that market. Weakness Weakness are the internal elements that may interfere with the company’s ability to reach its objectives . so any activities an organization does not do well or resources it needs but does not possess . every concern has some weakness . Sepnil has learned from others success mistakes of others. Nonetheless, sepnil has the following weakness: 1. Lack of awareness: Many people still don’t have any idea about its need, function, importance . The product is not so demanded as it should be. 2. Initial high price: Sepnil hand sanitizer was very costly given the average purchasing capacity of the people of our country. Eventually, now it costs 80 taka to buy a 40 ml. sepnil hand sanitizer which is almost double than other hand sanitizers available in the market. 3. Limited brand recall : One of the weaknesses of sepnil hand sanitizer is its limited brand recall compared to few others brands. 4. Massive expenditure for promotional activities: When a product has incurred much expense to promote itself, it is likely that the profit earned by the product will be lower in the first several years to cover the excess expense. This is an indicator of weakness. 5. Not reached in the rural area: Still in the rural undeveloped area people are not fully aware of such product like this which can be used instantly when in need of cleaning hands. Opportunities: Opportunities are external elements that the company may be able to exploit to its advantage. Thus , opportunities are positive trends in external environment factors. These can be stated as follows: 1. An increased need for hand sanitizer : Day by day people are becoming conscious about their healthy living and health protection. They are realizing that prevention is better than cure. So they want product like hand sanitizer to keep them healthy disease-free. 2. Making available as sanitizer vending machines at air port food points: If the company can introduce the sanitizer vending machine in the airport ,market, food corner then it will be heavily useful beneficial for consumers. 3. Introducing a sanitizer for economy class: If the company can introduce the sanitizer of economy pack or reduce its price to lower then consumer will buy the product more than before. 4. Possibility of capturing personal market: If the company can create more awareness among the people about the necessity of hand sanitizer through more promotional activities then it can capture more share of personal market building more concern buyer. Threats Threats are current emerging external elements that may possibly challenge the company’s performance . So they can be defined negative trends in external environmental factors. Some of the negative trends for sepnil hand sanitizer are discussed bellow 1. Intense competition: The product operates in a highly competitive business environment faces intense competition from growing number of competitors, many of which have strong brand equity like dettole, lifebuoy, purel , safetec, CVs pharmacy, germ X. 2. Substitute such as handwash , soaps: It can be substitute for handwashes , soaps for cleaning hands which can reduce its market share. 3 . Slow market growth: After introduction in the market ,its growth is not satisfactory. 4. Downward pressure on pricing: Increased competition market share strategies are pushing sepnil hand sanitizer’s price down. . Reasons of having less demand High price: Sepnil hand sanitizers’ price is relatively high. So buyers are not much interested in buying this product. Targeted toward only one group: This product is targeted toward only professionals. Less advertisement promotional activities: Much advertisement and promotional activities have not been done for this product. So still this product is unfamiliar to a lot of people. Less attractive container: At present sepnil hand sanitizer is only found in only jar which is not much attractive. It is not found in pouch pack. Less conscious about health: Many people have little knowledge about health related matter or they are illiterate. No augmented product: For this product, there is no augmented service; such as after sale service, installation service, warranty service or any telephone number when customers face any problem after using it. Non-availability: Even some people want to buy it, they can’t as it is available in only some places - Top of Form Bottom of Form MARKETING STRATEGIES How to reach a product to the final consumers is depended on some factors. Company must go through some stages to * Develop the existing product * Make the product known to consumers * Make the product more preferred than that of competitors. Marketing strategy containing some strategies provides development plan for the existing product of a company. Here marketing strategy for Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer also does the same. Market Segmentation Sepnil’s market consists of consumers and business users who need to be healthy, fresh, well and continue their work swiftly. Specific segments being targeted until this time include professionals ,medical users, entrepreneurs. The following table shows the needs of consumer segments. Targeted Segment| Customer Need| Corresponding Feature/Benefit| Professionals| 1. Easy to carry on. 2. To get all benefits in one swiftly. | 1. Its packets can easily be carried on. 2. Without using water,it can wash hands. | Students| 1. To take meal within few minutes. 2. To keep fresh,healthy,germ free. | 1. It washes hands within few seconds. 2. It destroys 99. 9% germs of our hands. | Housewives| 1. To get easy solution for germ free hands during daily works. 2. To keep her family healthy. | 1. It works within few seconds without water. 2. It destroys 99. 9% germs. Medical Users| 1. To keep germfree doctors patients. | 1. It destroys 99. 9% germs instantly. | Target Market Our targets are the students professionals who stay on the move from home to abroad carry those things which they need mostly convenient to carry. This segment consists of more than 6 billion people. To reach sepnil to that segment, we have developed marketing plan. Positioning Strategy A positioning built on meaningful differences, supported by appropriate strategy implementation, can help the company build competitive advantage. Here we selected a positioning strategy based on possible value proposition. Same For Less This can be a powerful value proposition. The price of Sepnil is Tk. 80. 00( 40 ml) and Tk. 200. 00(150ml). So we can sell Sepnil with the same benefit at a lower price such as: Tk. 70. 00 for Sepnil(40ml) and Tk. 180. 00( ml) . Using less price for same quality positioning, we can make a strong positioning for Sepnil. Developing A Positioning Statement Positioning statement summarizes company or brand positioning. Positioning statement for Sepnil hand sanitizer is, â€Å"To students professionals who need to stay busy from home to abroad, Sepnil Hand Sanitizer is the disinfectant that keeps your hands purified and hygienic with lowery smell without using water. † With this positioning statement, whole positioning is summed up. This also provides every information about the product. It takes this form: To(target segment need) : students professionals who need to stay busy from home to abroad Our(product) : Sepnil Hand Sanitizer Is(concept) : the disinfectant T hat (point-of-difference) : that keeps your hands purified and hygienic with flowery smell without using water Product Strategy Under this section, product form is described. Here we have to think about Sepnil in three levels: Figure: Three levels of product Core Benefit The most basic level of Sepnil which addresses â€Å"what is the buyer really buying? † The problem solving benefit of Sepnil is, * it disinfect users hand without any water leaves it clean hygienic * easy to carry, * can be used anywhere, anytime. Actual Product * Brand Name Sepnil name is already established for its hand wash. Furthermore, it is a brand of Square Toiletries Limited. * Quality We will improve its quality by producing non-alcoholic version by using less ethanol As a result there will be no risk for fire accident as the sanitizer will be non-flammable. In addition the Muslims will use it undoubtedly. * Feature Sepnil Hand Sanitizer is now available only in gel type. We will introduce dierent versions like the followings, * liquid * cream * lotion * spray foam We will add different cent and perfume to it like * aloe * rose We will add vitamin E to it so that it can provide more moisture. * Design and Packaging We will bring the new versions in newly designed and packaged container so that it can easily attract users. For example, spray pen (we can carry it always in our bag. We bet you didn’t know that the keyboard people use each day at office is teeming with bacteria. Tests show that it’s five times dirtier than your toilet seat. By carrying Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer in your bag to office and steer clear of germs and bacteria) * travel size bottle * container designed for children * wipe pack Container for children Wipe pack Spray pen Travel size bottle Augmented Product We will provide consumer benefits and services in the following ways Delivery service We will provide home delivery services through the online retail shops like, * cellbazar. com * easybaza. com * torkari. com * Free Installation Services We will provide free installation services for sepnil instant hand sani tizer machines in corporate offices. In these machines there is no need to touch. We will just place our hand in the fixed place of the machine and then sanitizer will be dropped from the machine. Figures: Machines * After Sale Service and Promotion * We will provide toll free services if users ace any problems after using it. We will give reward I anybody can prove that it can’t kill 99. 99% germs of hands Pricing Strategy Pricing strategies for products or services encompass three main ways to improve profits. These are that the business owner can cut costs or sell more, or find more profit with a better pricing strategy. When costs are already at their lowest and sales are hard to find, adopting a better pricing strategy is a key option to stay viable. To develop a pricing strategy, the first step is to gather data: * Competitor prices and pricing strategies * Customer perception of products and services Customer benefits of products and services * Cost of producing, procu ring, or generating products and services (variable costs) * Fixed business costs (overhead) Then we have to choose proper pricing strategy. Here we cannot change sepnil’s basic price, but can adjust the price using the following strategies, Discount * Cash discount: If consumers buy 2 units of 200 ml hand sanitizer at a time they will get 5 % off. * Quantity discount: If customers purchase in bulk i. e. , at least 250 units they will be provided 8 more units free. Promotional Pricing * With one unit of 300 ml , 1 unit of 20 ml free Product Form Pricing Here different versions of product are priced differently. We can introduce a smaller form of Sepnil sanitizer like 60ml, at a cheaper price. That will provide a convenient package of Sepnil to all the segments. Product Line Pricing Under this approach, price is based on cost differences between the products, customer evaluations of different features competitors’ prices. Introducing new lotion, liquid, spray, cream versions, we can charge different prices for different versions. Customers will have choices to choose among different forms. Premium or Prestige Pricing This pricing is done or some premium and high quality version. Our justification for this pricing will be opinion leaders’ (doctor) influence on target market on the purchase of our product as a scientific and medicated recommendation. Psychological Pricing Under this approach customer will respond to an emotional rather than rational basis. For example, price point perspective (PPP) tk. 99 instead of tk. 100 for 60 ml. Product Bundle Pricing Here combined several versions are priced in the same package, such as 150 ml is solely priced at tk. 200 and 40 ml. at tk. 80. But if consumers buy these combindly they will be priced at tk. 250. 1. {fn:zchtpricesegment. jpg,id:wt8v_pDkQgE-xM:,is:500 \u0026#215; 271,isu:yorku. ca,ity:jpg,msm: ,msu:/search? q=segmented+pricing\u0026sa=X\u0026rlz=1W1ADFA_enBD485\u0026biw=1024\u0026bih=590\u0026tbm=isch\u0026tbs=simg:CAQSEgnC3y_1-kORCASHroXt8Cqbhfw,s:\u003Cb\u003ESegmented Pricing\u003C/b\u003E,sc:1,si:/search? q=segmented+pricing\u0026sa=X\u0026rlz=1W1ADFA_enBD485\u0026biw=1024\u0026bih=590\u0026tbm=isch\u0026tbs=simg:CAESEgnC3y_1-kORCASHroXt8Cqbhfw,sm: ,th:165,tu:http://t3. gstatic. om/images? q=tbn:ANd9GcTda9hevyEJsiosewH81tdvNN60mPWsSbwSnZgvofXGhPaZT61pMA,tw:305} Distribution Strategy Strategic distribution is a competitive advantage that accrues generally from the configuration of a distribution network (who, what, where, when) and, more specifically, from the selection of partners (i. e. middlemen) who intermediate between the company and by decisions on the number and type of customer interfaces. That is, order entry points (where and how orders are placed) and fulfillment nodes (where and how customers obtain finished goods). Figure: Distribution Strategy of Sepnil Hand Sanitizer We can reach Sepnil using the ollowing distribution channels: Direct/Internet:  Selling through our own e-commerce website. That means www. squaretoiletriesltd. com. Direct/Sales Team:  One or more sales teams that we can employ directly. We may use multiple teams that specialize in different products or customer segments. Direct/Catalog:  Selling through our own catalog. Retail:  Retailers can sell Sepnil directly to end-users via a physical store, a website or a catalog. Wholesaler/Distributor: Wholesalers that buy products in bulk from us and then resells smaller volumes to resellers or retailers can be very good supplier of Sepnil. Value-Added Reseller (VAR):  A VAR works with end-users to provide customers’ solutions that may include Sepnil can supply it to the customers. Consultant:  A consultant develops relationships with companies and provides various types of services; they may recommend Sepnil or simply purchase it to deliver a solution to their client. Dealer:  A company or person who buys inventory from either a manufacturer or a distributor, then resells it to an end-user can easily supply Sepnil. Sales Agent/Manufacturer’s Rep:  We can outsource our sales function to a company that can sell Sepnil to a group of similar customers in a specific territory. Marketing Communication Strategy Today market has become very competitive. Marketers are beginning to understand that their brands live in the connections and that they must seize the opportunity and create a powerful content strategy to deliver the right message to the right audience in the right place. Today, the new point of difference for our product will come from merging the quest for profit with brand purpose. It is critical to architect an effective integrated marketing communications plan for Sepnil that delivers clear, consistent and compelling messages. We must explore new methods to leverage all elements of the communication mix—including advertising, sales promotion, PR, direct marketing, search, Web and social media—into a single, cohesive, holistic approach. By integrating all messages in all media, we will reinforce the brand name the main points of product differentiation,especially our exclusive voice recognition feature. Figure: Marketing Communication Strategy Advertising This is the mass media method of marketing communication and provides exposure to the largest, most geographically dispersed audience at the lowest cost per head. That being said, advertising costs can add up quickly with mediums like television, radio and even online advertising which can be prohibitively expensive for many businesses. Other traditional forms of paid advertising include newspapers and magazines, the Yellow Pages, billboards, signs and posters. As well, advertising on buses, benches, gas pumps and even public restrooms is in vogue today. Basically, any medium which provides an opportunity to target eyes and/or ears can be a venue for advertising we can use them to advertise Sepnil. Sales Promotion This is the last traditional component of the marketing communication mix that is discussed here as part of the marketing communication process. Sales promotion simply refers to purchase incentives that we provide our customer with. These can assume a number of forms including offering free goods or services, coupons and vouchers, gifts and prizes, discounts, samples, financial incentives, charitable promotions and any other value-add over and above our standard product or services. Here we can provide Sepnil at a discount, can supply them to doctors, surgeons some other professionals as a gift. That will create a relationship with them through them with others. Direct Marketing This marketing communication competency enables companies to reach out directly to consumers without intermediary channels such as those required for advertising. This component of the marketing communication process includes direct mail, catalogs, coupons and inserts, telemarketing, online marketing and television infomercials. Done correctly, Direct Marketing is extremely effective in the long run and allows for a targeted marketing approach to specific consumers to create valuable lasting relationships. We also can marketing Sepnil directly. We can contact with our target market direct mail, telemarketing, online marketing etc. reach the product to them. Public Relations This refers to how we handle our relationships and the flow of information with our various publics or the people who have a stake in or are affected by our business. This includes the general public, consumers, shareholders, employees, partners, competitors and the government. We have to provide sufficient information about Sepnil with our target market other stakeholders. We also have to reintroduce the product with a new idea that will make sure about the quality of the product. Personal Selling This is the most dreaded as well as the most expensive of all methods in the marketing communication process. It can be one of the most rewarding aspects of the marketing process, both personally and professionally. Just as with traditional marketing, successful selling begins and ends with the customer. The whole objective is to ascertain needs and create the best solution for customers. Along the way we build relationships and continue to gather information about how we can better serve customers which is our reason for being in business in the first place. Marketing Research Using research, we can identify the specific features benefits that our target market segments value. For this, we must go through two steps: * Make a focus group discussion on the market * Develop new ideas about the product. Focus Group Discussion A focus group is a form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging. Questions are asked in an interactive group setting where participants are free to talk with other group members. Here we also have conducted a research on some students who already have used Sepnil hand sanitizer. Figure: Focus Group Discussion ACTION PROGRAM We will carry out our marketing strategy through a variety of scheduled programs: * June: In this month, we can arrange a fair called â€Å"SQUARE TOILETRIES FAIR† comprising all products of SQURE TOILETRIES. By that way, when customers will come to see all products, this unfamiliar product, SEPNIL HAND SANITIZER, shall be noticed by them. Then they will be curious about the product, they use that firstly will be influenced by its smell. Then buy that. * July:  In this month,  National Tree Plantation Campaign, 13  will be sponsored by  Sepnil brand to create the social publicity among people. By using the name of  Sepnil Sanitizer  100,000 tree plants will be distributed to people to make them aware about importance of tree in our life. Mr. Amirul Alom will manage the project at planned budget of Tk. 1. 5  million and it will continue to the end of the  August. * August:  As this is the sacred month of Eid- Ul –Fitar ,the greatest religious festival of Muslims, reward packages will be announced for the distributors and retailers . Different types of gift items with the logo of  Sepnil Sanitizer, like: T-shirts, calendar, hand watch, umbrella, key ring, souvenir etc will be given to them to implement the marketing strategy successfully. This process will be motivating. Mr. Bapon Kumar Roy will be responsible for these activities at a planned cost of Tk. 1. 8  million. * September:  Free advising campaign against germ will be held by Sepnil Sanitizer. The campaign will be directed in large super stores and shopping malls of Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi. Free product distribution campaign will be held in every renown shopping malls of Dhaka, Chittagong and Rajshahi and at every well known school and colleges. Figures: Pictures that will be shown at campaign against germ BUDGET Budget is the plan of an organization which is expressed numerically. Budgets serve two main purposes. One is to project profitability and the other is to help managers plan for expenditures, scheduling, and operations related to each action program. We would make a budget on the quarterly basis. Total first-quarter sales revenue for Sepnil Hand Sanitizer is projected at 2. 0 million, with an average wholesale price of 80 taka per unit and variable cost for per unit of 30 taka for unit sales volume of 30000. We anticipate a loss up to 1 million with a total cost of 3. 40 million taka. Break-even calculation indicates that Sepnil will be profitable if it exceeds the sales volume of 50000 early in the product’s next quarter. Our break-even analysis of Sepn il Hand Sanitizer assumes per unit wholesale revenue of 50 per unit, variable cost of 30 per unit, and estimated 1st quarter fixed cost of 2. 5 million. Based on these assumptions, the break-even calculation is: Break-even volume = 250000080 -30 = 50000 units CONTROL We have shown the marketing strategies and plans to increase the market sales as well as profit. We hope that by following those strategies the company can have the leading market position in the market. But achieving the market position is not enough, they also have to retain that position. And for that, they have to follow some specific controlling strategies. They can be as follows- Customer related controls: * They must survey the customers and know their attitudes about the product. * Helping the customers by providing after sales services. Informing the customers about the new version of their products, and their latest services. * And for that purpose they must keep their e-mail or other social networking ids. * They must give instruction about how to use that product and cautions while selling. * Listening their complaints and taking attempts to solve them. * Asking them what extra features they want in the product. Dist ribution related controls: * They must train the suppliers well so that they can serve the customer more efficiently. * They must be aware of the behavior of the suppliers with the customers. Chapter #4: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION In this report we have developed a sample marketing plan or Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer. Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is a disinfectant product of Square Toiletries Ltd. At first, we have analyzed its current marketing situation and then we have found out the reasons of its having less demand i. e. , high price, targeted toward only one group, less advertisement and promotional activities, less attractive container, no augmented product. We have done a SWOT analysis on this product and then have prepared our objectives and issues. And then, according to the need of our country, we have developed some marketing strategies i. e. , market segmentation, target market, market positioning, product strategy, pricing strategy, distribution strategy, marketing communication strategy, marketing research, marketing organization, by adopting which we can increase the demand of this product. Chapter #5: BIBLIOGRPHY Book * Principles of Marketing by Philip Kotler Gary Armsrong Websites * www. squaretoiletries. com * www. wekipedia. com * www. assignmentpoint. com * www. scribd. com * www. slideshare. com

Emerging International Issues Within The Business Environment

Emerging International Issues Within The Business Environment SummaryIn order for companies to stay competitive in the global marketplace they need to understand the issues and differences in the international business environment. As businesses become more international they are faced with challenges such as cultural, legal, political, and economic differences within the countries they operate in. However, there are a few key emerging issues within the international business environment that go beyond the standard fundamental business practices which businesses should not ignore.The following paper will discuss some of those key issues within the international business environment. These issues include natural resource shortages, raising oil prices, and emerging violence activities. I chose these particular issues after examining some of current events and trends in the world and felt they will have a large impact on the way business is conducted internationally if they continue in the current trend. I will briefly explain each of these issues then tie them together to how it relates to the international business environment.English: Waterfalls are example for natural resour...Environment and Natural ResourcesThe world's ongoing population explosion has placed great strain on the world environment. This rapidly growing population, along with a move toward urbanization and industrialization, has placed significant pressure on natural resources. Deforestation, soil erosion, water pollution and land degradation continue to worsen and will begin hindering economic development in rural areas, while the rapid industrialization and urbanization in booming metropolises are straining the limits of municipal services and causing serious air pollution problems. (globalissues.org)Any comprehensive strategy for change in human demands on global resources must also address the ethical dilemma of our failure to meet the basic needs of more than a quarter of the Earth's present population. Shortage of natural goods will affect weaker me mbers of society, leading to social disorder. Although post-Cold War conflicts such as in Haiti, Somalia, Sudan,

Free Literature Review Full Text

Free Literature Review Full Text Free Literature Review Full Text This order was delivered to Allen Sutton, a fraudulent person from Elmont, New York. Beware of this customer! Literature Review: Would the Addition Psycho Education to Medication Management in Q Community Outpatient Setting By a Nurse Practitioner Yield Greater Medication Adherence in Adult Schizophrenic Patients A new achievement in medical science is the introduction of psycho-education for the people who live with psychological disturbance. This educates and trains patients in regards to various psychological disturbances such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, psychotic illness and personality disorders. Psycho-Education also helps in the treatment of physical illness by emphasizing on mental well being and positive thinking. Moreover this education is not only restricted to patients but their families as well. As said that mental well-being leads to physical well being as the brain in ones body controls and operates it. So it is very important to understa nd and treat the brain and its functions with utmost care. According to Kelly and Scott (1990) the theory of Psycho-education helps the patient and their families to be well acquainted with the patients condition, to understand their illness, strengths, weakness and the short term and long term causes and treatment for a better living. Moreover this theory helps the patients and their families to live normal lives, coping up and living with their psychological condition. One very common Psychological disorder is Schizophrenia. It is a condition of the brain where the patient lacks thought process and is emotionally unresponsive. Patient also suffers from hallucinations, delusions and has disintegrated speech and thinking. People with a condition this way have difficulties coping up with their social and professional life. People suffering from schizophrenia are a danger to them as they often have suicidal feelings submerged within, the society because of their negative yet sudden change in behavior, and barely can sustain basic needs of living. Dowrick (2000) noted that Schizophrenia in adults is a chronic disorder and the ratio of men suffering from it is more than in women and conditionally more severe in men than women.Individuals suffering from Schizophrenia might see or hear things that dont have an existence in real life. They speak and express in a confusing manner. Such individuals lose the power of recognition between the real worlds and imagine things that are irrelevant. Such individuals adapt fear and confusion within themselves thus, drawing themselves out from the activities of a daily life and also restrains them to act and behave in a normal way. Hence, according to Hollon, Thase and Markowitz (2003), it becomes difficult for them to move along the norms of the society endangering oneself and the society at large. Their behavior may vary from social withdrawal, hostility, suspiciousness, deterioration of personal hygiene, flat expressionles s stare, inability to express sorrow or joy, depression, inappropriate way of laughing or crying, insomnia, hypersomnia, irrational statements, loss of memory, lack of concentration, hyper reaction to criticism etc. Gutirrez-Maldonado and Caqueo-Urzar (2007) noted that adding Psycho-education to medication management would yield greater medical adherence in adult schizophrenic patients in a community outpatient setting by a Nurse Practioner as their treatment is very important as Schizophrenia is a very complex psychological disorder that is difficult to diagnose as Psychological experts have not been able to explain the root cause of it. In such cases Psycho-education helps the patients and their families to be educated about this illness. Moreover addition of Psycho-education to medication management would bring out much better results in regards to a cure for this illness as prescribed medication and its dosages could have side effects on the patients emotional responsiveness. Moreover, according to Larsen (2004), in terms of medication adherence in adult schizophrenic patients most of them have severe memory impairment and cognitive distortions and could even complicate the overall treatment plan as they could require multiple doses a day. The main area of focus of Psycho-education aims at teaching and/or educating the patient to increase his/her knowledge and the proper understanding of his/her illness and treatment respectively. It is proved that a patient with knowledge of his/her illness increases and enables the chances of getting cured faster and also helps in coping up with the medication, therapy and treatment in a much effective way. Studies Wheeler and Greiner (2003) and Picchioni and Murray (2007) prove that interaction between the patient and the doctor efficiently adds more value to the standard treatment and helps the reduction of possible relapse and hospitalization. Also Psycho-education improves compliances that are followed with medi cation and non-adherence to medication. It also promotes better social well being with proper functioning of social outcomes. Mostly Psycho-education emphasizes on a group where multiple patients share multiple areas of concern, thus making the schizophrenic platform global and so it can be addressed in a way that becomes more reactive yet informative and helpful for treatment. According to Hollon, Thase and Markowitz (2003) adult Schizophrenic patients have a very sociodemographic feature that makes their characterization of illness difficult to diagnose, since this is a condition that affects thoughts and behavior and is often termed as a chronic relapsing psychotic illness. These features also include comorbidity and often have side effects of the medicational features. Nearly one out of five patients experiences some of the symptoms. Another 20% experience worse of these symptoms; in the remaining 60%, the symptoms become even more chronic and even leads to hospitalization. A s such, in these cases family administration, support and encouragement is highly recommended. Gutirrez-Maldonado and Caqueo-Urzar (2007) noted that Psycho-education characterizes treatment with the collaboration of prescribed medication including a systematic study of the relation between the Physician and the patient is intervened by different studies and reinforcement of mental education, skills training, memory enhancement, and anger management. Psychologists encounter Schizophrenic patients quite often and they encourage services that rely less on medicines and more on long-term therapy that includes counseling, advocacy, group discussions, behavioral social skills training, family education, counseling and therapy. These special trainings come in various forms. According to Larsen (2004) many community based groups conduct informal interactions to help to understand the patients unique and specific behavior and implement their skills for overcoming obstacles that interrupt a normal life. Treatment for schizophrenic patients through prescribed medication and therapy only diagnosis and focuses the presence of psychological symptoms and does not necessarily classify the characteristics of social construction of recovery such as hope, faith, belief, self identification, social well being and empowerment. Over whelming evidence, by Wheeler and Greiner (2003), proves that antipsychotics can be effective for treating certain symptoms of Schizophrenia. This antipsychotic medication needs strict medical adherence as, if not adhered as prescribed; it may increase the risk of a relapse. It is often found that most people suffering from Schizophrenia, medication adherence is often poor and most of them discontinue medication after a short period assuming that it is not required anymore; nonetheless this causes serious consequences. Studies review that approximately one-third of the patients with schizophrenia, suffer from medical non-adherence. These patients als o outlook nearly 1-10 days of oral antipsychotic therapy which nearly doubles the risk of hospitalization. Picchioni and Murray (2007) noted that non-adherence of these medications may increase the risk of hospitalization with a possible relapse due to the gaps in prescribed medication doses. It has also been discovered by researchers that individuals with an education about their illness are less hospitalized than that of individuals who are only on prescribed drugs with non-adherence in regards to it. Another factor that adds to medical non-adherence in regards to schizophrenic patients is that the patients do not attend their appointment with regards to their therapy. Individuals who are not regular and do not keep a track of their outpatient appointments post-hospitalization become non-adherent to prescribed medications and this way it slowly but surely becomes critical in the outcome of Schizophrenia in adults. Hollon, Thase and Markowitz (2003) noted that community based o utpatient treatment centers offer services to individuals those have issues at adjustment at home, work, society or even more complex psychological disorders such as depression, stress-related conditions, anger, anxiety, loss of memory, diversion of attention etc. Studies have reviewed that the common clinical practice for the treatment of Schizophrenia in Adults were not very effective and Non-adherence to these clinical therapies and prescribed medication increased at an alarming rate. The view of a broader treatment proved successful and an array of support from Community Based Services and Rehabilitation Centers offering a wider and even more effective treatment for the mentally ill started flowing in. Studies by Larsen (2004), Wheeler and Greiner (2003), and Picchioni and Murray (2007) also reviewed those individuals with the knowledge of their illness yielded greater results in treatment. The demand for more professionals with the knowledge of Psychotic illness increased wit h Nurse Practioners to broaden their scope of knowledge with Psychiatris Studies. With a collaboration of Psycho-education and medication management under the supervision of Nurse Practioners proved successful and efficient. According to Gutirrez-Maldonado and Caqueo-Urzar (2007), Psycho-education is intervened by the patients interaction with their peers and it is proved that this helps individuals and their families to gain a lot of crucial and important information about the illness. This also involves motivation and interpersonal support from peers. Here, a patient is given full opportunity to express thoughts, concerns and raise questions. It is important to make the patient realize that the illness suffered, is worldwide. Psycho-education helps an individual to absorb a lot of information that helps to potentially grow and change and also makes an individual more tolerant in nature. Psycho-education relates to practical and concrete problem solving issues including social challenges faced everyday that help to develop independent living skills and achieve specific goals. The aim of all of Psychological Disorder treatment and therapeutic intervention lies in the boosting of empowerment of the patient and his/her families. In this intervention an individual is treated with an utmost positive care to encourage and boost ones confidence in order to face and tackle their Psychological disorder. Psycho-education intends to educated all individuals about their Psychological disorder along with the different other types around. A comprehension of the background and its available treatment is always very important for an individual. Through this, as per Hollon, Thase and Markowitz (2003), individuals and their families accept the illness and cope with it in a very effective manner. A variety of self-development programs are conducted for the patient and their families such as Behavioral therapy, Problem-Solving training, Communication training and Family th erapy etc. There is a huge relation in the collaboration of medicines, Therapy and Psycho education and proven to be effective due to the fact that medicines such as Antipsychotic drugs help to reduce Neuro-functional disorders that results in formation of disciplined orders and understanding and Psycho-educational therapies helps in coping up strategies for a normal living. According to Picchioni and Murray (2007),Psycho-education as an addition to medication management is a much better way of monitoring a patients well being with proper scheduling of medication by avoiding drug interactions and introduction to general prescribed medication. Medication management aims at appropriate use of medicines and drugs that would not cause complications in the longer run. A collaboration of Psycho-education with Medication management would introduce various support and care from individuals, the community, psychiatrists, social workers and experts. A community outpatient uses day centers, h ospitals and rehabilitation centers to refer to different Psychological professionals to cure their psychological illness. Such is a success, Wheeler and Greiner (2003) notes, if Psycho-education is introduced in a community outpatient setting with help from a Nurse Practioner, as a Nurse Practioner can treat physical and mental conditions through various methods of additional education and training through comprehending the patients history, by advising physical examination and various tests. The Nurse Practioner can also diagnose and then provide appropriate treatment for the patient which includes prescribing medication. A Nurse Practioner can yield much better results with the help of Psycho-education than of a simple medication adherence as it only monitors the course of therapy with regards to medicines, its prescription, discontinuation and proper dose of the medicine whereas Psycho-education refers to educate and aware the patient and their families about the illness. This helps in a greater understanding of the situation and to deal with it accordingly in alliance with medication. As mentioned that it aims at the psychological well being of a person that builds the ambience of living. Since a Nurse Practioner also serves as a primary health provider, it would yield in a greater result if Psycho-education is added to medication management. The main focus of this addition is individual care of the condition and effects of the patients illness. According to Larsen (2004) educating patients about their health is very important and psycho-education helps and encourages them to make choices for a healthy living and to prioritize well being. There are different aspects of Psycho-educational programs and they have different characteristics depending upon the type of psychological disorder. Most of the individuals who suffer from schizophrenia, also suffer from diversion of attention, lack of concentration and memory loss. According to Gutirrez-Maldonado and Caqueo-Urzar (2007) Psycho-education significantly highlights the practice, feedback, presentation and discussion to enhance the strength of these problems. A Nurse Practioner can yield greater medical adherence in regards to a community outpatient setting in adult schizophrenic patients as the Nurse Practioners role is broad and deals with different mental health issues at outpatient clinics, primary care units, private therapy practices, community health centers and hospitals. A Nurse Practioner also specializes on focusing on genetic psychiatry to understand the history of illness and to conduct various physical and psychological tests. Hollon, Thase and Markowitz (2003) noted that a Nurse Practioner has a proven role in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia with anti psychotic medication and remedial approaches such as training, exercise, educating of residual symptoms. There is also evidence about Psychiatric Nurse Practioners in the community and their effectiveness in regards to supervision of schizophrenic patients. Many Nurse Practioners combine therapy and treatment in an assertive community program that aims to reduce relapse and hospitalization. The techniques include developing trust; normalizing, enhancing the skills to coping with strategy, practical theory and reality testing, work along dysfunctional affective and behavioral attitude towards psychotic illness. This not only helps in an enhanced response to the therapy but also yield results faster. Langdon (1994) noted that the use of Psycho-education and medication together aims at a higher recovery rate of patients suffering from Adult Schizophrenia with a Nurse Practioner being an active part of the recovery process as Nurse Practioners are highly trained professional in the field of both physical and mental health. Psychiatric Nurse Practioners are well trained in the medication management of Schizophrenic Patients. Many Psycho-educational professionals and groups have proved to br ing dynamic effect in behavioral changes in the case of acute and post-acute adult schizophrenic patients. This is one of the major reasons Psycho-education is derived as a modern tool for a useful collaboration of bringing out the potential of independency within the individuals and their families. This also forecasts the future of professional constituency for Psychological disorders as well as it will open up arrays into specific form of Psychotherapy. Psycho-education, in accordance to Gruber (2002), in the form of an obligatory-exercise program, should be made available to all patients suffering from a schizophrenic disorder and their families. Psycho-education goes deep down into current conceptions, methods and practice. Carefully, under the support, supervision and accompaniment by a Nurse Practioner, the empathic and socially enduring therapeutic attempt must be strong, stable and sustainable, despite altering the ambience around. With such an approach, psychological prin ciples and standardized procedures must be valid while interacting with an adult schizophrenic patient. It is also very important to keep in mind that the patients with Psychological disorder such as Schizophrenia may behave and or react unexpected with an illogical reaction, which could be due to the altered psychological state of mind of the surrounding ambience. According to Baldo (1993), introduction of Psycho-education does not intend to stop or challenge the continuation of other behavioural therapy when dealing with Psychological Illness and in this case Adult Schizophrenic Patients. It is a subsequent and complementary strategy of treatment where not only the patients, but their families and relatives too which is optimal in respect to their illness. Psycho-education sets general courses that will yield greater and higher success rates in the treatment that will help in long-term coping and adjustments. With the help of Nurse Practioners who are well-established profession als, it is absolutely possible to draw out a successful concept which shelters the different and specific needs of the adult schizophrenic patients and at the same time restoring their resources. Nathan and Gorman (1998) noted that the addition of Psycho-education to medication management in community outpatients settings by a Nurse Practioner and its effectiveness with that of yielding greater medication adherence in adult schizophrenic patients would definitely become a global concept of treatment in many hospitals, rehabilitation centres and clinics. As far as its research goes, there is a huge amount of proven studies done which proves the effectiveness of the concept of Psycho-education with the combination of antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of Schizophrenia in adults. A greater result was even proved and shown with regards to medical adherence in schizophrenic patients with regular visits under the supervision of Psychiatric Nurse Practioners. A greater difference can be yielded out if Psycho-education is introduced with regards to the treatment of all Psychological disorders. This also helps to create a mass awareness of the existence of such psychological disorders and the proper attitude to produce towards an individual suffering, moreover giving an effective social boost that helps an individual to cope easily and to carry on with a normal life. References Baldo, J. (1993). Selective attention in patients with schizophrenia and non-schizophrenic subjects. Berkeley: University of California. Dowrick, C. (2000). Problem Solving Treatment And Group Psychoeducation For Depression: Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial. British Medical Journal, 321(7274), 1450-1454. Gruber, SA. (2002). Stroop performance in schizophrenic and bipolar patients: an fMRI study. New York: Tufts University. Gutirrez-Maldonado, J., and Caqueo-Urzar, A. (2007). Effectiveness of a Psycho-Educational Intervention for Reducing Burden in Latin American Families of P atients with Schizophrenia. Quality of Life Research, 16(5), 739-747. Hollon, SD., Thase, ME., and Markowitz, JC. (2003). Treatment and Prevention of Depression. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 3(2), 39-77. Kelly, G., and Scott, JE. (1990). Medication Compliance and Health Education among Outpatients with Chronic Mental Disorders. Medical Care, 28(12), 1181-1197. Langdon, R. (1994). Schizophrenic symptoms: dissociable deficits of self/other awareness in the normal cognitive system of consciousness. Boston: Macquarie University. Larsen, JA. (2004). Finding Meaning in First Episode Psychosis: Experience, Agency, and the Cultural Repertoire. Medical Anthropology Quarterly New Series, 18(4), 447-471. Nathan, P., and Gorman, J., (1998). A guide to treatments that work. London: Oxford University Press. Picchioni, M.M and Murray, R.M. (2007). Schizophrenia. British Medical Journal, 335(7610) 91-95. Wheeler, K., and Greiner, L. (2003). Integrating Education and Resear ch in an APRN Mental Health Services Program. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 21(3), 141-152.

Theory into Practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Theory into Practice - Assignment Example ical Limited are considered; one of which have adopted successful CSR strategies while the other could not succeed in devising relevant CSR strategies in Indian pharmaceutical industry. With the beginning of internalization and globalization, the operation in modern day business has transformed to a great extent (Asongu, 2008). The phenomenon has brought in excessive competition and complexity in the business environment; this has challenged the managers and board of directors of well-known companies to measure its overall performance in the competitive industry. Because of globalization and internationalization, the managers and boards has to track the changes that have taken place in the external environment. In order to develop a un-interruptive business environment for the companies, the managers have undertaken several Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities (Boeger, 2010; Birch and Moon, 2008). These activities have helped them to deal with the complexities that dominate the external business environment and also balance the interest of the stakeholder so as to maintain the equity investments (Birch and Moon, 2008). Over the past few decades, CSR activities have occupied a significant place in every industry across the world. The CSR activities have the capability to enhance value of the firm (Servaes and Tamoya, 2013). The project takes into account pharmaceutical industry, which is a well regulated industry. The company that is considered for case study is GlaxoSmithKline Plc. The CSR activities undertaken by GSK are discussed in the project and it is also compared with its competitors. The main motivation behind choosing the topic is to acquire in-depth knowledge regarding the companies who undertake CSR activities and explore the concept more precisely so as to examine the challenges that are related to CSR. The global pharmaceutical industry is threatened by the rule and regulations as a result it is very interesting to know how the

Jazz by Toni Morrison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jazz by Toni Morrison - Essay Example Nor does jazz music which is often made up as it goes along. The steamy, melodrama of many of Morrison's scenes and the interplay of love, violence, and sadness are also represented in jazz music which is such a powerful unifier. We especially see the relationship between Dorcas and Joe played out in this improvisational manner. The time in which this story is set—1920s Harlem—is key to the symbolism of the jazz music. This was a period of great change not only in the history of New York and the United States, but in the lives of African Americans. They were beginning to come into their own in a cultural sense. Jazz was to be one of their first and most successful cultural products. It revolutionized the way people thought of music and it also showed that musical talent, however chaotic, was inherent. You didn't need to be from Vienna to be a good musician. So jazz was a symbol in the sense that it represented a cultural aspiration for African Americans, much as rap mus ic may do so today for many young African American men. Overall, Jazz is a fascinating novel with a great deal of symbolism. Its main symbol is that of jazz music that appears throughout the story. It united the narrative and gives the book a timeless feel.

Classify attachment type Essay Example for Free

Classify attachment type Essay Van Iljzendoorn Kroonenberg researched different databases for studies on attachment that had used the strange situation to classify attachment type. They conducted a meta-analysis on 32 of these studies. They were the first researchers to carry out a thorough Meta analysis to consider all cross culture findings using the Strange Situation Test.  The Strange Situation Test is the only test of infant attachment that has been used in several countries. It could be argued that findings from test could be used to understand some of the main sub-cultural differences found within any given country. There have been many key findings as a result of the test. The most important was that the variation in attachment within cultures was 1-1/2 times greater than the variation between cultures. However, the Strange Situation procedure was carried out in the laboratory and therefore it has a fairly artificial approach. Also, the infants attachment behaviour is much stronger in the laboratory than at home. Additionally, the Strange Situation Test was carried out in the USA so it may be culturally biased. Therefore the ecological validity of the Strange Situation must be questioned. The Strange Situation measurement assumes that the behaviour of all children in all cultures means the same thing. The Strange Situation Test is based on cultural assumptions, this technique is called imposed etic -where a process is devised in one culture to study other cultures. This questions the validity of the Strange Situation Test as a measuring tool for attachment between cross culture variation. Cross-cultural variation has been well tried and tested and is one of the most popular measures of attachment. It is also possible to see the value of such a measure; there are some real practical applications from being able to assess a childs security. However, all the limiting factors mentioned in the above paragraph contribute to the fact that we cannot be sure either way about cross-cultural similarities or differences, because of these limitations. Additionally we have to be careful in drawing conclusions, regarding a culture from such a limited sample. The conclusions regarding the Chinese children are based on one study. We cant make generalisations regarding a population the size of China, on the results of just a handful of children. I feel there are many similarities across cultures for instance there was a considerable amount of consistency in the overall distribution of attachment types across all cultures and secure attachment was the most common type of attachments in all 8 nations researched in Van Iljzendoorn Kroonenbergs study. Also the Western cultures dominant insecure type is anxious/avoidant and the non-western cultures dominant insecure type is anxious/resistant. However, there are of course differences, which are not accounted for in the Strange Situation Test. For instance China was the exception as anxious/avoidant and anxious/resistant were distributed equally. This shows that it is wrong to make such generalisations on the basis of the techniques used, as there are not just variations between cultures but within cultures also.

Alligator Essay -- essays research papers

The American Alligator is an amazing reptile, having survived almost unchanged since the time of the dinosaurs. Having been hunted almost for extinction, this reptile has made an amazing comeback in recent years. Inhabiting almost every body of water in Florida. American alligator are not considered endangered species, but these harsh looking creatures are threatened. There are two kinds of species of alligators. There is the American alligator and the Chinese alligator. Many people have a hard time telling the difference between alligators and crocodiles. Alligators are related in the same family as the crocodile, but these two animals are very different. An alligator’s upper jaw overlaps the lower jaw. Alligators have a broad snout while crocodile have a very narrow snout. Alligators have much less aggressive and energetic than the crocodiles. Alligators live in tropical climates and crocodiles live in somewhat colder climates. Their kingdom is Animalia. Their Phylum is Chordata. They come from the class Reptilia. Their order is Crocodylia. Their family is Alligatoridae. Their genus is Alligator and their species is alligator messissipiensis and they are known as American alligators. American alligators are found through southern United States. Large populations are found in Florida, New Orleans, Louisiana and Georgia. They inhabit primarily fresh water to brackish water areas, although they can occasionally be found in salt water. However, alligators lack the salt-extra... Alligator Essay -- essays research papers The American Alligator is an amazing reptile, having survived almost unchanged since the time of the dinosaurs. Having been hunted almost for extinction, this reptile has made an amazing comeback in recent years. Inhabiting almost every body of water in Florida. American alligator are not considered endangered species, but these harsh looking creatures are threatened. There are two kinds of species of alligators. There is the American alligator and the Chinese alligator. Many people have a hard time telling the difference between alligators and crocodiles. Alligators are related in the same family as the crocodile, but these two animals are very different. An alligator’s upper jaw overlaps the lower jaw. Alligators have a broad snout while crocodile have a very narrow snout. Alligators have much less aggressive and energetic than the crocodiles. Alligators live in tropical climates and crocodiles live in somewhat colder climates. Their kingdom is Animalia. Their Phylum is Chordata. They come from the class Reptilia. Their order is Crocodylia. Their family is Alligatoridae. Their genus is Alligator and their species is alligator messissipiensis and they are known as American alligators. American alligators are found through southern United States. Large populations are found in Florida, New Orleans, Louisiana and Georgia. They inhabit primarily fresh water to brackish water areas, although they can occasionally be found in salt water. However, alligators lack the salt-extra...

Two Kinds Amy Tan Outline

Thesis: In Two Kinds, Amy Tan uses defiant americanized Jing-Mei and her native mother’s expectation of obedience to depict the clash of the cultures and its effect on the relationship between the two.I. Jing-Mei is overpowered by her hopeful and ambitious mother who believes that anything is possible and is willing to take any measures to achieve it: however her ambitious nature weighs heavy on Jing Mei and places strains on their relationship. a. â€Å"My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America† I. â€Å"Like many immigrants to the United States, Jing-mei’s mother has created visions of her adopted country as a land of opportunity where all dreams may be realized (Brent)†II. Culture aspect because mother holds ambitions shared my immigrants and childlike faith B. â€Å"You could open a restaurant. You could work for the government and get good retirement You could buy a house with almost no money down. you could be instantly fa mous† I. â€Å"Opening paragraph introduces an element of irony in the narrator’s attitude toward her mother’s vision of America as a place where â€Å"you could become anything you wanted to be (Brent)†. II. Her mother has unreal expectations because she expected her to achieve greatness instantlyC. â€Å"Soon after my mother got this idea about Shirley Temple, she took me to the beauty training school in the Mission District and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking.† I. â€Å"Her mother’s American dreams, function as a symbol of hope for a brighter future for her daughter(Brent)† II. Her mother is doing what she believes to be best for Jing- Mei but is causing her to resent her.III. â€Å"When she looks in the mirror one night, she sees only her mother’s of her as a failure and a disappointment(Brent)† II. Her mother’s asian culture means that pride and honor paired with the sacrifice of her other children make Jing- Mei an outlet for her mother to channel all her hopes and dreams into. A. â€Å"And after seeing, once again, my mother's disappointed face, something inside me began to die.† I. â€Å"Jing-Mei’s sense of failure to embody her mother’s hopes and dreams is†¦distressful (Brent)†.B. â€Å"Three days after watching the Ed Sullivan Show my mother told me what my schedule would be for piano lessons and piano practice.† i. again her mother  is trying her best to make Mei-Jing be better than she was trying to vicariously live through her Conclusion: Although Mei-Jing initially resents her mother’s cultural exceptions of her initially she then realizes as she comes of age that her mother only has her best interest in hear. The piano symbolizes the struggle to stay true to herself but also trying to remain obedient and respectful to her mother. Acceptance of the piano as a gift symbolizes her mother’s forgiveness of her. Coming of age means maturity for Mei-Jing and regret towards her actions when younger.

Generation Me Essay

In Twenges’ book she uses purpose in several ways. One of her main purposes is to describe how different generations have completely different views and moral standards. Twenge uses purpose to try and persuade the readers to believe that she has done the proper research for her book, and want the reader to feel like they can trust that what she is saying is the truth. In this book she doesn’t believe that there it is a problem between the generations just simply that there are distinct differences, and she tries to help the reader to discover why these differences occurred. In this book Twenge is really good at giving the audience background knowledge about herself and about the research that she did for the book. If you are familiar with the audience that you are writing to it is easier to persuade them, because you know there interests. I think that Twenge did a good job assessing her audience by asking herself questions like, who is going to read what I am going to discuss, what are their backgrounds, how much do the readers know about the topic I am writing about, and how much background information should I provide to my audience. I feel that when I read this book I can relate and easily understand what she is discussing. She is writing to a younger audience and not to Biochemists. I like the form of genre that Twenge uses in Generation Me. She breaks each chapter in to sub categories to put emphasis on specific topics which allow the reader to see what she thinks is important information. In this book she uses simple language with strong interests to get her point across. Structure is very important to the reader and the writer. Different types of magazines and novels have specific formats and structures of how they should be written. The style of writing is starting to change slowly over time just like fashion changes, but it will always be important to consider your audience when formatting the genre of your book.

Aesop Fables essays

Aesop Fable's essays Aesop, the fable teller, that is a title we hear often . He presents fables for children with a moral behind it. Still to this day no one really knows his true life story , but we know of his fables. How do we know that they are his fables? maybe we give this person credit for something he has not done. Fables back then were heard in oral tradition, his fables could have been told in many different ways, it will never be certain what is Aesops work and what is not. There are few facts that can be relied on with any degree of certainty, in reference to the birth, life and death of Aesop. But there is a form within fables and there are hidden messages and reasons for the fables. Even if there are fables that are not Aesops, he still gets credit for his pattern of work. Aesop is the creator of fables. There are three common and well known modes for giving instruction. Each of these modes are recognized through there own unique characteristics. The tale is summed up by simply either on imagination or factual evidence. This mode does not need to have any moral identifications within. Parables main job is to maintain a hidden meaning, the words themselves reveal what moral is trying to be shown through each line. To the reader, it may or may not be important to the readers reference. The fable is like no other, it in some ways different and in some ways agree in many cases. Its like a tale , there is a real narrative but short. Its like a parable by having a hidden message but it uses fictional characters more then the use of language. The fable itself follows a political truth, or moral standard. A true fable has its design of writing fall under the fictional characters, as in use of animals. Also by plants , trees , the sky , anything that breaths or fills up the world. Almost as if the reader had someone guiding them ,giving them advice, through every line. The lesson succeeds when the reader itself shows strong feelings...

Citizenship in the Age of the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Citizenship in the Age of the Internet - Essay Example E-voting system gained more popularity among the people of Swaziland. The process of election became easier and the burden of counting the votes was eradicated. This was the major advantage of the e-voting system. Though the people had certain inhibitions in during the initial stages of implementation, they were impressed by the ease of use. This led to the success of e-voting system. Since only registered parties can contest in the elections, it is easier for the government to conduct elections. (Gritzalis, 2003). The entire process of voter registration, vote casting and counting is made in a simpler way. The e-voting system gained popularity within a short period of time due to its faster processing. The election conducted in the year 2008 was a complete success due to the implementation of e-voting system. There was a drastic increase in the number of voters when compared to the previous elections. People turned out in large numbers and the election took place in a hassle free manner. The reason for the increase in the number of people was due to the installation of e-voting system. This made the job of voting easier and people exhibited more interest. The pre-election process was also simple since the system contained all the relevant information. The procedures were clearly explained in the system and this reduced the burden of explaining them explicitly.

Psychology Big 5 Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology Big 5 Theory - Essay Example Each individual is unique in his or her way and reflect any or some of the above traits. This paper seeks to make an analogical study of individuals having similar and conflicting traits. Psychology is an ocean, encompassing many different approaches to the study of mental processes and behavior. In our endeavor to understand human psychology, the 5 traits are assessed to understand the complex human behavior. The above pictures show the cross-section of the brain in different angles and position. What does the Big 5 actually mean Extrovert + Introvert: As they are opposite, there is the chance of them forming a good team. Introvert + Introvert: A difficult situation to be in. "Personality psychology studies enduring psychological patterns of behavior, thought and emotion, commonly called an individual's personality. Theories of personality vary between different psychological schools. Trait theories attempts to break personality down into a number of traits, by use of factor analysis. The number of traits have varied between theories.